Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question: Write an essay on Pharmacology? Answer: Albuterol brings relief to the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) condition of the patient. Furosemide works for fluid retention. Glipizide takes care of Diabetes in the patient. Indomethacin is used for treating tenderness, stiffness and swelling due to chronic gout arthritis. Ipratropium is used to relief bronchial spasms as the patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Prazosin treats hypertension. Theo-dur is also used for pulmonary problems. Triamcinolone takes care of arthritis that the patient has (Brenner and Stevens, 2013). Together, all the drugs have to be used for treating the patient due to the different aliments that she has.Other antidiabetic drugs that can be used are Metformin and Sitagliptin given together. There are, in particular, three contraindications of Metformin usage. They are renal impairment and high serum creatinine levels that is more than 124 mmol/l in women, congestive heart failure and old age that is more than 80 years. Contraindications for Sitagliptin include impaired kidney (Howland et al., 2006). The creatinine level is more or less normal for the patient. She is not more than 80 years and does not have congestive heart failure. It may be said that usage of Metformin and Sitagliptin are not contraindicated for the patient. Patient variables are important while assessing drug therapies of patients. The patient variables that are important for assessing the drug intervention for her are age, weight, height, gender. The aspects of core drug knowledge that are need consideration as they may interfere with the patient variables are side effects of drugs and contraindications of drugs. The first finding from the nursing assessment that demonstrates drug therapys effectiveness is blood pressure at 112/72. The reference range for normal blood pressure is 120/80-140/90. The patient had been suffering from hypertension and the drug took care of it. The reference range of electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride are 135-145 mEq/L, 3.5-5.0 mEq/L and 95-105 mEq/L respectively (Musom.marshall.edu, 2015). In the patient they were found to be 137 mEq/L, 3.8 mEq/L and 95 mEq/L respectively. It confers that fluid retention is been carried out an effect of the drug. The findings from the nursing assessment that demonstrate adverse effect from drug therapy are high cholesterol level at 315 mg/dL and borderline high triglyceride at 218 mg/dL. The reference ranges of these are 90 mg/dL and 150mg/dL respectively. Several measures need to be taken for maximising the therapeutic therapy. The patient must reduce her weight and start doing physical exercise in order to treat Diabetes along with the medication. She must also quit smoking for taking care of pulmonary diseases. Adverse effects of can be minimised by following proper guidelines for contraindications. Teaching is very much required for the patient about her drug therapy. This is because the teaching will make her knowledgeable about the drugs she is taking. Educating her will reduce the chances of her readmission. The severity of the allied complications of drug intake can be lessened if the patient has prior knowledge of the contraindications and adverse effects of drug therapy. The patients background information is needed for determining appropriate teaching (Stenfors-Hayes et al., 2015). References: Brenner, G. and Stevens, C. (2013).Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. Howland, R., Mycek, M., Harvey, R., Champe, P. and Mycek, M. (2006).Pharmacology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Musom.marshall.edu, (2015).Normal Lab Values. [online] Available at: https://musom.marshall.edu/usmle/USMLELabValues.htm [Accessed 25 Aug. 2015]. Stenfors-Hayes, T., Berg, M., Scott, I. and Bates, J. (2015). Common concepts in separate domains? Family physicians ways of understanding teaching patients and trainees, a qualitative study.BMC Medical Education, 15(1).