Gram Positive and gram Negative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gram Positive and gram Negative - Essay Example s thick peptidoglycan layer it displays Gm +ve differential staining and if the microorganism possess thin or single layer of peptidoglycan then it takes up the counter stain Safranin of the Gram reaction. Thus, G +ve organisms display purple staining whereas the G –ve organisms take up the counter stain and display pink staining. Counter stain Safranin is added to the reaction after washing the Gram stain with alcohol. This step is most imperative as Gram positive organisms possessing thick peptidoglycan retains the stain while Gram negative organisms possessing thin peptidoglycan cell wall becomes colorless and therefore takes up the counter stain when stained with Safranin. It is therefore this staining procedure aids as a diagnostic device in medical as well as research pursuits. Staining also helps in identifying the morphology of the microbial population (Korolik, 2008). It is a Gram-negative rod. The bacteria does not possess flagella and therefore not motile bacteria. It possess capsule and therefore it is encapsulated. Klebsiella is known to be lactose fermenting organism (Ryan, 2004). It is present as the natural microflora on the epidermal layers especially skin and oral cavity. It is also present in the intestine. It is also present in soil and around 30% of the species fix nitrogen under anaerobic conditions (Postgate, 1998). Klebsiella is becoming the topic of research as it is emerging as an impetrative pathogen in nosocomial infections. Klebsiella possess two different kinds of antigens one on its cell wall and other on its capsule. The O antigen is present as a cell wall component on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and possess 9 different kinds. The capsular antigen is known as K antigen and possess as many as 80 different kinds. These antigens are responsible for the virulence of the organism (Podschun, 1998). These virulence factors are responsible for disease called pneumonia. Pneumonia is the disease of lungs and results in inflammation

How Can Diet Help Prevent Heart Attacks Research Paper

How Can Diet Help Prevent Heart Attacks - Research Paper Example All in all, it has been concluded that diet and nutrition, along with lifestyle activities, can have a significant impact on heart conditions. Introduction A healthy diet provides favorable effects on individuals who suffer from heart disease; generally speaking, a healthy diet can primarily contribute to the prevention of heart disease, slow down the progression of the heart disease that the individual is currently experiencing, as well as enable the patient to easily recover from heart surgery and other heart-related experiences (Kromhout, Menotti, Kesteloot, and Sans, 2002). Specific components of one’s diet significantly contribute to the prevention and cure of various heart disease aspects. Unhealthy diet, along with physical inactivity, can greatly lead to overweight and obesity and have been considered as the most prevalent factors that increase risks for heart disease. The function of diet and nutrition has been influenced by economic, physiological, cultural, and soci al factors. Most often, a healthy diet is combined with physical activities and behavioral changes to obtain positive outcomes when it comes to preventing heart disease and enabling heart disease patients to successfully recover. The following sections will then delve into the concept of a healthy diet and its impact on heart-related conditions. Additionally, the foods to avoid as well as those that should be consumed will be discussed along with the available ways with which the public can obtain assistance for heart disease cure and prevention. Discussion Definition of a Healthy Diet A healthy diet refers to one that supports the individual in maintaining and improving his/her health. It plays an important function for lowering the chronic risks for adverse health conditions, including heart disease, hypertension, obesity, and cancer (Hu and Willett, 2002). A healthy diet is comprised of adequate amounts of important nutrients along with sufficient amounts of water. Nutrients are obtained through a wide range of foods; therefore, a healthy diet requires a balance among various nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. This way, it will be capable of supporting the individual’s energy needs and providing the nutrients to address the needs for nutrition without having to bring about toxicity or excessive weight as a result of consuming disproportionate amounts of food (Kromhout et al, 2002). Several diets and recommendations have been established and promoted by certain health institutions, such as the World Health Organization. The group advises that health can be promoted and certain disease be prevented by following a number of guidelines, such as focusing on obtaining the ideal weight and achieving energy balance. Individuals should also limit their intake of saturated fats, focus more on unsaturated fats, and eliminate trans-fatty acids. Meanwhile, it has also been advised by the WHO to increase the consumption of nutritious groups of f ood, including whole grains, fruits, and vegetables while limiting the intake of sugar and salt. The American Heart Association also established recommendations with regards to having a healthy diet that is comprised of